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TitleTemplate and target-site recognition by human LINE-1 in retrotransposition.
Journal, issue, pagesNature, Vol. 626, Issue 7997, Page 186-193, Year 2024
Publish dateDec 14, 2023
AuthorsAkanksha Thawani / Alfredo Jose Florez Ariza / Eva Nogales / Kathleen Collins /
PubMed AbstractThe long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1, hereafter L1) retrotransposon has generated nearly one-third of the human genome and serves as an active source of genetic diversity and human disease. L1 ...The long interspersed element-1 (LINE-1, hereafter L1) retrotransposon has generated nearly one-third of the human genome and serves as an active source of genetic diversity and human disease. L1 spreads through a mechanism termed target-primed reverse transcription, in which the encoded enzyme (ORF2p) nicks the target DNA to prime reverse transcription of its own or non-self RNAs. Here we purified full-length L1 ORF2p and biochemically reconstituted robust target-primed reverse transcription with template RNA and target-site DNA. We report cryo-electron microscopy structures of the complete human L1 ORF2p bound to structured template RNAs and initiating cDNA synthesis. The template polyadenosine tract is recognized in a sequence-specific manner by five distinct domains. Among them, an RNA-binding domain bends the template backbone to allow engagement of an RNA hairpin stem with the L1 ORF2p C-terminal segment. Moreover, structure and biochemical reconstitutions demonstrate an unexpected target-site requirement: L1 ORF2p relies on upstream single-stranded DNA to position the adjacent duplex in the endonuclease active site for nicking of the longer DNA strand, with a single nick generating a staggered DNA break. Our research provides insights into the mechanism of ongoing transposition in the human genome and informs the engineering of retrotransposon proteins for gene therapy.
External linksNature / PubMed:38096901 / PubMed Central
MethodsEM (single particle)
Resolution3.2 Å
Structure data

42637

8uw3

EMDB-42637, PDB-8uw3:
Human LINE-1 retrotransposon ORF2 protein engaged with template RNA in elongation state
Method: EM (single particle) / Resolution: 3.2 Å

Chemicals

ChemComp-TTP:
THYMIDINE-5'-TRIPHOSPHATE / Thymidine triphosphate

Source
  • homo sapiens (human)
  • synthetic construct (others)
KeywordsRNA BINDING PROTEIN/RNA/DNA / LINE-1 / retrotransposon / reverse transcriptase / retroelement / RNA BINDING PROTEIN / RNA / RNA BINDING PROTEIN-RNA-DNA complex

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